The Horn of Africa is a large extension of land that protrudes from the eastern edge of the continent of Africa, lying between the Indian Ocean to the east and the Gulf of Aden to the north, jutting for hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea.Overall, the Horn of Africa is estimated to consist of over 772,200 square miles, most of which boasts a semi–arid to arid climate. There is strong evidence pointing to a connection between climate change and drought. Climate change is not the only driver of drought. The desert landscape commonly found throughout the Horn of Africa. The Horn of Africa receives very little rainfall and can reach extremely hot temperatures in some areas. In 1974 a military coup d'etat allowed Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam to rise to power as the new head of state in Ethiopia. Children are particularly impacted. We’ll be in touch! To keep children safe, we’re using our child-friendly spaces to raise awareness of how drought can impact children’s lives, the risks it brings of abuse and physical and sexual violence. Young girls are often tasked with walking long distances to search for water, putting them at risk of harassment, kidnapping and sexual violence. The 230 million people in the Horn of Africa are exposed to prolonged drought. The Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook for the important June to September 2017 rainfall season indicates increased likelihood of near normal rainfall over most of the northern parts of the region. Approximately 1.1 million people don’t have enough food, and that number is on the rise. The impacts of El Niño on fisheries include: In Somalia, the confluence of El Niño-La Niña events and long-term climate change can magnify national security issues. The desperate search for food and water has put millions of children’s lives and futures at risk. And in our child-friendly spaces, we are caring for the emotional wellbeing of children and their parents. Thus, the initial disruption to agriculture and community integrity from El Niño was exacerbated by the effects of drought from La Niña. To ensure delivery of Save the Children emails to your inbox, add support@savechildren.org to your contact list. This type of malnourishment makes children far more vulnerable to diseases because their immune system is weakened. In Ethiopia, where 8.1 million people are in need of food assistance, we’re screening and treating children and pregnant woman for malnutrition. It will bring together climate scientists, researchers, users from key socioeconomic sectors, governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), development partners, decision makers and civil society stakeholders. A massive invasion of desert locusts—partly fueled by the climate crisis—seriously threatens food security in already-vulnerable communities across East Africa and has increasingly alarmed United Nations experts in recent weeks. Save the Children Federation, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) organization. Some areas including northern Ethiopia, parts of the Sudan, South Sudan, parts of Uganda and western Kenya are likely to have above normal rainfall. Recently, climate change-induced migration, either voluntary in nature as an adaptation strategy or through displacement, has become a formidable challenge for these countries. Many areas of the world – including the Horn of Africa – have faced droughts throughout history. In Somalia, a country located in the so-called Horn of Africa, the climate is tropical, hot all year round, in addition, it is generally dry. Your support also enables our teams to help provide communities and their livestock with access to safe water. Recently, climate change-induced migration, either voluntary in nature as an adaptation strategy or through displacement, has become a formidable challenge for these countries. Off the coast of Somalia sits the Indian Ocean. Global environmental change – including anthropogenic climate change, natural climate events like the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and desertification – will be felt most acutely in communities that face challenges to resilience in multiple ways and at multiple scales. Even when treated successfully, severe acute malnutrition can prevent a child from fully developing physically and mentally. Delayed, erratic and unpredictable rains across the region, caused by our changing climate, have forced families from their homes. This region is also home to the Great Rift Valley. The Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF) has issued its forecast for March, April, May, which is an important rainfall season for large parts of the region. Notably, it also has the greatest number of endemic reptiles of any other area on the African continent. In line with the declaration of the Heads of State and Governments at the Summit on the Horn of Africa in Nairobi in September 2011, affirming their commitment to end drought emergencies and vulnerabilities in the IGAD region, this atlas was developed jointly by ICPAC and WFP using the Swedish Climate Adaptation Fund, as a contribution to better understanding of climate risks and vulnerabilities. The Horn of Africa crisis in 2011 was labelled as the worst in 60 years, caused by a combination of sustained drought, swiftly increasing food prices and escalating conflict in Somalia. Approximately 6.2 million Somalis – nearly half the population – are experiencing or at risk of famine. In Somali waters, El Niño-La Niña events can be strengthened or lessened depending on the temperature patterns present in the Indian Ocean, known as the Indian Ocean Dipole. Precipitation is generally scarce, typical of a desert or semi-desert climate in vast areas, while the wettest areas are occupied by savannah. Somalia lays half a world away from the tropical Pacific Ocean, but El Niño-driven changes in the Pacific affect marine fisheries in Somali waters. Community resilience can be improved through centralized government-based interventions aimed at sustainably developing the fishing sector including: Importantly, while fisheries can improve food security and both fisheries and drought are affected by climate, fisheries development must not trade-off with or replace drought relief. We are also working to ensure out-of-school children are protected and have access to health and hygiene supplies. Our mobile clinics are travelling to remote areas to reach those who don’t have access to health care. When you give, 86% of every dollar goes straight to our mission. *Unless otherwise noted, facts and statistics have been sourced from Save the Children’s monitoring and evaluation experts. Fisheries are a new but growing part of the domestic marketplace: seafood is not a traditional staple of the Somali diet except in a handful of fishing villages. The east coast of Somalia is the fifth most important upwelling system (see description below) in the world and supports highly productive fishing grounds. Find out more. The study, published in Science Advances last week (9 October), shows that the region, which includes Djibouti, eastern Ethiopia and Somalia, faces increasing dryness as global temperatures rise. The on-going drought in the greater Horn of Africa has affected more than 20 million people. The Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum dedicated its 50th session to gender sensitive weather and climate services in order to promote deeper understanding of how men and women have different needs and roles in climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies.. Many areas of the world – including the Horn of Africa – have faced droughts throughout history. Save the Children has a long history of working in these countries, including in the hardest-to-reach places. The causes of this drought are complex and difficult to disentangle: the global effects of El Niño and La Niña, the region’s persistent aridity, and changes in the Indian Ocean combine to create drought conditions that researchers work hard to understand and predict. The 54th Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF 54) will convene under the theme, ‘Mitigating Climate Risks for Resilience’. The Horn of Africa has become increasingly arid in sync with the global and regional warming of the last century and at a rate unprecedented in the last 2,000 years, according to new research led by a University of Arizona geoscientist. Its size is 3,600 square km. According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report 2018, the number of disasters related to climate change have doubled since 1990. The eastern Horn of Africa may be getting drier — not wetter as current climate change models predict, a study shows. This is especially true for fragile and post-conflict countries that rely on agriculture and natural resources, like fisheries, for sustainable economic development. The Sahara Desert in North Africa is the largest hot desert in the world and is one of the hottest, driest and sunniest places on Earth. Many political analysts blame his failures as a leader on his attempts to realign the … The inequalities and disproportionately of climate change are no clearer in any other part of the world. We fear they will not be able to bounce back from another drought without our help. Although there have been some rains lately, they have not been enough and they have lasted for shorter periods. Closer to the equator, the land is generally flat with some plateaus rising abo… These complex – and unpredictable – interactions underscore the importance of building community resilience to withstand consequences of global environmental change. A hotter planet means more evaporation of water from the soil, and altered patterns of rainfall. These events include flooding, droughts and fires caused by extreme dry heat. Climate change is a major factor influencing the impact of the African Horn drought. Precipitation is generally scarce, typical of a desert or semi-desert climate in vast areas, while the wettest areas are occupied by savannah. The climate is tropical in Masaka. People El Niño and La Niña events are changes in winds across the tropical Pacific Ocean that cause changes in ocean temperature (warmer during El Niño, colder during La Niña) and rainfall across the globe. The Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook for the important June to September 2017 rainfall season indicates increased likelihood of near normal rainfall over most of the northern parts of the region. Violent storms are leading to immediate, life-threatening dangers for children, including malnutrition and higher risk of infectious and diarrheal diseases. Ultimately, nations should pursue pathways to greater community resilience that will enable long-term survival beyond short-term shocks like droughts. We are trucking emergency water to schools, while teaching best hygiene practices in schools to prevent the spread of deadly diseases. Horn of Africa Drought: Climate change and future impacts on food security. Climate Change: Another Hurdle. Located just south of the Sahara is a narrow semi-desert steppe (a semi-arid region) called the Sahel, while Africa's most southern areas contain both savanna plains, and its central portion contains very dense jungle (rainforest Approximately 6.2 million Somalis – nearly half the population – are experiencing or at risk of famine. The cumulative greenhouse gas emissions are negligible in their contribution to global emissions, yet the vulnerabilities are enormous. Climate change is a particular threat to continued economic growth and to livelihoods of vulnerable populations. The effects of climate crisis are causing families and children to leave their homes in search of food, water and survival. Across Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya, 12 million people are in dire need of food, clean water, and basic sanitation. Women and girls in the Horn of Africa can face multiple protection concerns, such as their safety in new resettlement sites, fear of exploitation, increased social tensions and violence stemming from changes in gender roles due to the loss or injury of male family members. In Somalia, a country located in the so-called Horn of Africa, the climate is tropical, hot all year round, in addition, it is generally dry. The forecast indicates a high likelihood of a wetter than usual season in western Kenya, south-western and eastern Uganda as well as eastern Rwanda and western parts of South Sudan. By training and supporting community health workers to detect and treat malnutrition within the community, we’re allowing children to be treated immediately and locally without long journeys to health clinics. In Somalia, the drought escalated to famine. During the 49th Climate Outlook Forum for the Greater Horn of Africa held in Djibouti, from 13th– 14th May , the National, Regional and International Climate Scientists reviewed the state of the global climate system and its implications on the . The improved varieties developed by the Nigeria-based International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and tested in Ethiopia, may help tackle famine in the Horn of Africa, an area that… It remains one of the biggest killers of children under age 5 around the world. Some areas including northern Ethiopia, parts of the Sudan, South Sudan, parts of Uganda and western Kenya are likely to have above normal rainfall. Around 40% of the overall population in the Horn of Africa is undernourished, when there is insufficient food intake for a person to be healthy and fight illnesses, but in some countries, such as Somalia, that figure soars to 70%[i]. While this region used to experience one drought every decade, in the last decade, the Horn of Africa has suffered three droughts, as well as extreme flooding. Publication date: 3 August 2011 Author: Downloads briefing-hornofafrica-drought-climatechange-foodsecurity-020811_3.pdf East Africa is facing the worst food crisis of the 21st Century. In the semi-arid Horn of Africa, rain comes in two seasons: the “short rains” of October-December and the “long rains” of March-June. Investing in fisheries is not an answer to famine and drought-related food insecurity, and fisheries management requires long-term strategies for sustainable use. Please follow. Great parts of North Africa and Southern Africa as well as the whole Horn of Africa mainly have a hot desert climate, or a hot semi-arid climate for the wetter locations. Please help us save lives, and futures, with a donation to our Horn of Africa Climate Crisis Fund. Fisheries sector development can, however, provide the kind of community resilience that improves responses to drought in the long term. A hotter planet means more evaporation of water from the soil, and altered patterns of rainfall. [ADDIS ABABA] Farmers in the Horn of Africa should focus on growing more improved cassava varieties, which are high-yielding and resilient to drought, according to researchers. A climate crisis, where the rising of global temperatures is creating extreme weather, including severe heat waves and drought, is creating a widespread humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa. There is strong evidence pointing to a connection between climate change and drought. This rising number speaks to the difficulty families experience in recovering from frequent climate crises in the region. Prolonged and frequent droughts across the region, particularly in Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya, are threatening the lives of millions of children. The new research shows around 70,000 years ago, the Horn of Africa climate shifted from a wet phase called 'Green Sahara' to even drier than the region is … The Horn of Africa has been facing a wide range of interconnected and mutually reinforcing negative conditions for many years. It is estimated that more than half a million children in Kenya will need treatment for acute malnutrition this year. Climate change is a major factor influencing the impact of the African Horn drought. This policy paper presents a regional analysis of environment, peace and security linkages in the Horn of Africa, with a specific focus on water security and governance. 1. El Niño and La Niña activity is predicted to increase under anthropogenic climate change. The effects of climate crisis are causing people to leave their homes in search of new beginnings and, in most cases, people are left with little choice but to relocate in order to survive. Save the Children’s health teams are travelling to remote and hard-to-reach areas to treat those most at risk. In contrast, the Greater Horn of Africa shifted from very dry conditions in 2018 and most of 2019 to floods and landslides associated with heavy rainfall in late 2019. Currently, the number of internally displaced people across the Horn of Africa – 5.6 million – is greater than ever before. Between 2014 and 2016, a strong El Niño event contributed to the hottest years on record, with global impacts. The on-going drought in the greater Horn of Africa has affected more than 20 million people. Gifts are deductible to the full extent allowable under IRS regulations. For fisheries to remain a reliable source of domestic food and income, the sector must develop in ways that account for global environmental change. According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report 2018, the number of disasters related to climate change have doubled since 1990. The finding raises serious concerns… And over 1 million people have fled their homes in rural villages in search of food and water. Typically, it is the most vulnerable who are most affected in a crisis – the poorest, the marginalized, those living in rural areas, children living with disabilities and girls. Climate-related security risks are increasingly compounding existing political, social and economic challenges worldwide, with natural resources like water posing risks for geopolitical tensions and violent conflict. The Federal Government of Somalia is young and the existence of autonomous regions challenges its capacity to deliver famine interventions. Horn of Africa, region of eastern Africa.It is the easternmost extension of African land and for the purposes of this article is defined as the region that is home to the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia, whose cultures have been linked throughout their long history. The Horn of Africa, almost equidistant from the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer, is an arid region. And over 1 million people have fled their homes in rural villages in search of food and water. His 17-year rule was marked by extreme civil unrest and complete economic collapse. We have detected that JavaScript is disabled in your web browser. Climate change is not the only driver of drought. 2. In late 2010 and early 2011, both rainy seasons brought scant rain to the region, which led devastating drought across several countries in 2011. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. Photo by Jean-Pierre Larroque / One Earth Future, researchers work hard to understand and predict. In Somalia, rising food prices, disease outbreak and lack of clean water threaten to put a shocking 1.2 million children under the age of 5 at risk of being acutely malnourished by the end of the year. No continent will be struck as severely by the impacts of climate change as Africa. 338,000 children under five years of age are acutely malnourished. The Horn of Africa has been facing a wide range of interconnected and mutually reinforcing negative conditions for many years. Seven out of the last eight rainy seasons since 2015 have produced too little rain or no rain at all, leaving families, children and entire communities struggling to survive. 338,000 children under five years of age are acutely malnourished. A climate crisis is contributing to hotter and drier conditions in the Horn of Africa. During the 49th Climate Outlook Forum for the Greater Horn of Africa held in Djibouti, from 13th– 14th May , the National, Regional and International Climate Scientists reviewed the state of the global climate system and its implications on the . These events include flooding, droughts and fires caused by extreme dry heat. Right now, nearly 13 million people across Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya are facing a food crisis. Although there have been some rains lately, they have not been enough and they have lasted for shorter periods. ^ Sandra Fullerton Joireman, Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa, (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1: "The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. Your urgent support is desperately needed in our race against time. Droughts and famines require different responses since they are short, immediate events. It is a territory of Yemen, the southernmost country on the Arabian peninsula. It located in the easternmost part of Africa, sticking out into the Arabian Sea and forming the south side of the Gulf of Aden. The Horn of Africa crisis in 2011 was labelled as the worst in 60 years, caused by a combination of sustained drought, swiftly increasing food prices and escalating conflict in Somalia. briefing-hornofafrica-drought-climatechange-foodsecurity-020811_3.pdf. The Horn of Africa is sometimes also called the Somali Peninsula. The displacement of large numbers of people can lead to competition for resources like water and land with local communities, sometimes resulting in conflict, or escalating existing conflict. The Forum, now marking its 20th anniversary, issued a consensus regional seasonal climate outlook for … The summers are much rainier than the winters in Masaka. In the Horn of Africa, up to 80 percent of the population is subsistence farmers. While communities are used to coping with occasional droughts and erratic weather patterns, the succession of droughts and floods has pushed families’ coping abilities to the limit. The IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC) in collaboration with the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) and partners are organising the 54th Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF 54) in Mombasa, Kenya, on 27-29 January. By signing up to receive emails from Save the Children you will receive a subscription to our monthly eNews, access to breaking emergency alerts and opportunities to get involved. But we need your support to be able to scale up our response, to reach more and more vulnerable families and children – and to save more lives. The region is home to the rugged landscape of the Ethiopian Highlands. East Africa is facing the worst food crisis of the 21st Century. During the 2016 El Niño, higher than average rainfall in winter and spring caused massive flooding in parts of Somalia, ruining crop harvests and forcing people to relocate and abandon their livelihoods. 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